CentOS 7.2安装MariaDB
目前的CentOS7默认可以安装MarialDB，本文主要针对默认版本。
1、如果要安装最新的版本，需要自己设置安装源
rpm -qa |grep mariadb
yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs compat-mysql51
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-*
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
# MariaDB 10.1 CentOS repository list - created 2017-02-15 20:31 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
2、开始安装
yum -y install mariadb-server
# 或
yum -y install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client安装执行
yum -y install mariadb-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
os | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/7): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00
(2/7): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 951 kB 00:00:00
(3/7): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 156 kB 00:00:00
(4/7): os/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(5/7): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
(6/7): os/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:00
(7/7): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.6 MB 00:00:01
Determining fastest mirrors
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb(x86-64) = 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be installed
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be updated
---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be an update
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================
Installing:
mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 os 11 M
Installing for dependencies:
mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 os 8.9 M
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 os 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 os 57 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-6.el7 os 140 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 os 802 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 os 47 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 os 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 os 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 os 36 k
Updating for dependencies:
mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 os 758 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)
Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 22 M
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/11): mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 758 kB 00:00:00
(2/11): mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 8.9 MB 00:00:00
(3/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00
(4/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00
(5/11): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00:00
(6/11): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00
(7/11): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00:00
(8/11): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00
(9/11): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00
(10/11): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00
(11/11): mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:00:01
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 15 MB/s | 22 MB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 1/12
Installing : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 2/12
Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 3/12
Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 4/12
Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 5/12
Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/12
Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 7/12
Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/12
Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/12
Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 10/12
Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 11/12
Cleanup : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 2/12
Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 3/12
Verifying : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 4/12
Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 8/12
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/12
Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 10/12
Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 11/12
Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 12/12
Installed:
mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
Dependency Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Dependency Updated:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5
Complete!
安装完成MariaDB，首先启动MariaDB
systemctl start mariadb设置为开启启动
tsystemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.3、初始化数据。接下来进行MariaDB的相关简单配置：mysql_secure_installation
mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
#首先是设置密码，会提示先输入密码，初次运行直接回车
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
#设置密码，是否设置root用户密码，输入Y并回车或直接回车
Set root password? [Y/n] y
#设置root用户的密码
New password:
#再输入一次你设置的密码
Re-enter new password:
#root密码设置成功
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
#是否删除匿名用户，输入Y并回车
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
#是否禁止root远程登录，输入n并回车
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
#是否删除test数据库，输入n并回车
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
... skipping.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
#是否重新加载权限表，回车
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!操作执行到这里，数据库的初始化已基本完成。现在测试登录
mysql -h127.0.01 -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4、配置数据库字符集
1）编辑文件/etc/my.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf
#在[mysqld]标签下添加
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
#端口
port=33172）编辑文件/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf
#在[client]中添加
default-character-set=utf83）编辑文件/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
#在[mysql]中添加
default-character-set=utf8全部配置完成，重启mariadb
systemctl restart mariadb
登陆数据库，查看配置后的字符集信息
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%collation%";
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version() |
+----------------+
| 5.5.60-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5、添加用户，设置权限
创建用户：
#创建用户命令:用户名 kftest,密码1234567
create user kftest@localhost identified by '1234567';
#直接创建用户并授权的命令
grant all on *.* to kftest@localhost indentified by '1234567';授权用户：
#授予外网登陆权限
grant all privileges on *.* to kftest@'%' identified by '1234567';
#授予权限并且可以授权
grant all privileges on *.* to kftest@'hostname' identified by '1234567' with grant option;简单的用户和权限配置基本就这样了。其中只授予部分权限把 其中 all privileges或者all改为select,insert,update,delete,create,drop,index,alter,grant,references,reload,shutdown,process,file其中一部分。
6、其他
查看MariaDB启动状态：
systemctl status mariadbsystemd重载此配置文件，刚刚配置的服务需要让systemctl能识别，就必须刷新配置：
systemctl daemon-reload如果没有权限可以使用sudo
sudo systemctl daemon-reload停止MariaDB服务：
systemctl stop mariadb禁止开机启动：
systemctl disable mariadb设置防火墙远程端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3308/tcp --permanent刷新重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --reload
活到老，学到老，认真拜读咯！